./disk_bench.sh
Writing 1G x 20 times to: /home/hiira/disk_bench_testfile.tmp

[1/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.823183 s, 1.3 GB/s
[2/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.812509 s, 1.3 GB/s
[3/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 38.1222 s, 28.2 MB/s
[4/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.808947 s, 1.3 GB/s
[5/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 6.16752 s, 174 MB/s
[6/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 1.37833 s, 779 MB/s
[7/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 9.30966 s, 115 MB/s
[8/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 17.2658 s, 62.2 MB/s
[9/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 25.5475 s, 42.0 MB/s
[10/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 2.49073 s, 431 MB/s
[11/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 6.00224 s, 179 MB/s
[12/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 6.09559 s, 176 MB/s
[13/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 7.24483 s, 148 MB/s
[14/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 38.0024 s, 28.3 MB/s
[15/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.762132 s, 1.4 GB/s
[16/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.761335 s, 1.4 GB/s
[17/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 2.37369 s, 452 MB/s
[18/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 8.87 s, 121 MB/s
[19/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 8.81427 s, 122 MB/s
[20/20] 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 4.51041 s, 238 MB/s

~ $ fio --name=seq_write --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=32 --rw=write --bs=1m --direct=1 --size=2g --filename=testfile
seq_write: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=32
fio-3.42
Starting 1 process
seq_write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 2048MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][63.0%][w=979MiB/s][w=979 IOPS][eta 00m:10s]
seq_write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=49614: Mon Jul 27 16:17:14 2026
  write: IOPS=117, BW=118MiB/s (124MB/s)(2048MiB/17362msec)
    slat (usec): min=20, max=1500.2k, avg=802.87, stdev=33150.36
    clat (usec): min=1400, max=4449.3k, avg=270421.24, stdev=695802.63
     lat (usec): min=1493, max=4449.4k, avg=271224.11, stdev=696838.68
    clat percentiles (msec):
     |  1.00th=[    5],  5.00th=[    7], 10.00th=[    9], 20.00th=[   13],
     | 30.00th=[   17], 40.00th=[   19], 50.00th=[   21], 60.00th=[   24],
     | 70.00th=[   31], 80.00th=[   48], 90.00th=[ 1183], 95.00th=[ 1905],
     | 99.00th=[ 3406], 99.50th=[ 4044], 99.90th=[ 4329], 99.95th=[ 4396],
     | 99.99th=[ 4463]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=12263, max=1552384, per=92.21%, avg=111386.46, stdev=333822.41, samples=28
   iops        : min=   11, max= 1516, avg=108.61, stdev=326.04, samples=28
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.10%, 4=0.29%, 10=14.89%, 20=33.20%, 50=32.47%
  lat (msec)   : 100=3.17%, 250=0.49%, 500=1.22%, 750=2.25%, 1000=1.42%
  lat (msec)   : 2000=5.96%, >=2000=4.54%
  cpu          : usr=0.46%, sys=0.41%, ctx=1849, majf=0, minf=8
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.2%, 8=0.4%, 16=0.8%, 32=98.5%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,2048,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0.00ns, window=0.00ns, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=118MiB/s (124MB/s), 118MiB/s-118MiB/s (124MB/s-124MB/s), io=2048MiB (2147MB), run=17362-17362msec

Disk stats (read/write):
    dm-0: ios=0/17184, sectors=0/4167848, merge=0/0, ticks=0/5163178, in_queue=5163178, util=99.45%, aggrios=0/17001, aggsectors=0/4207272, aggrmerge=0/341, aggrticks=0/4076913, aggrin_queue=4079748, aggrutil=96.69%
  nvme0n1: ios=0/17001, sectors=0/4207272, merge=0/341, ticks=0/4076913, in_queue=4079748, util=96.69%